Shohei Otani made a common mistake.
❌ This is so special moment for me.
⭕️ This is such a special moment for me.
⭕️ This moment is so special for me.
⭕️ This is a very special moment for me.
⭕️ This moment is very special for me.
Shohei Otani made a common mistake.
❌ This is so special moment for me.
⭕️ This is such a special moment for me.
⭕️ This moment is so special for me.
⭕️ This is a very special moment for me.
⭕️ This moment is very special for me.
I hear this mistake almost every day.
会話
▸ 「お父さん, 今夜車を使ってもいいかしら」
「うん, いいだろう. でも母さんにも確かめておく方がいいよ」
“Can I possibly have [take] the (family) car tonight, Dad?”
“Well, I guess so. But maybe you should also check with your mother.”
車で
▸ 車で大学へ通う go to college by car [in a car] (!in one's car は可だが ╳ by one's car は不可) / ride to college in a car (!ride … by car は避けられる) 【自分で運転して】drive to college.
▸ 車で家へ帰る途中で on the drive back to one's home.
▸ 彼を車で家[駅]まで送った I drove him home [to the station]. (!home は副詞)
▸ 彼女は週末になると車で富山の両親に会いに行く She drives over to Toyama to visit her parents on weekends.
▸ 車で迎えに来てください Please come to pick me up.
▸ 彼の家へは車で20分です It's a twenty-minute drive to his home.
a.m., A.M. 2AM 2, am 2⦅英⦆ | èɪém |
〖<ラテン; ante meridiem (before noon)〗 副詞
午前 (↔ p.m., P.M., PM) (!数字の後に置き, 通例時刻表など以外は小文字; o'clockは付けない)
▸ at 9 a.m. [╳a.m. 9] 午前9時に
▸ the 8 a.m. train to Tokyo 東京行き午前8時の列車.
午後 (↔ a.m., A.M., AM) (!数字の後に置き, 通例時刻表など以外は小文字; o'clockは付けない)
▸ at 6:30 p.m. 午後6時半に (!at six-thirty p.m.と読む) .
―じ 【―時】 o'clock. (!(1) of the clock の省略形. (2) 分までいう場合や a.m. (午前), p.m. (午後)とともには用いない: ╳6 o'clock p.m. (3) o'clock の前では数字より six などと書く方が普通) (⇨分 , ⇨何時)
▸ 2時ちょうどに at two (o'clock) sharp / at just two (o'clock).
▸ 午後6時頃に 【at】around [about] 6 p.m. (晩の6時頃に)【at】around [about] six (o'clock) in the evening. (!18時のようにいうときは 1800 hours と書き eighteen hundred [⦅やや話⦆ nothing] hours と読む)
▸ 9時[9時1分]の列車に乗る take the nine o'clock [9:01] train. (!前の方は 9:00 [⦅英⦆ 9.00]とも書き nine o'clock と読む. 後の方は nine-o | oʊ | -one と読む. 文脈から明らかな場合, train は省略可)
▸ 私たちは午前10時に駅で会うことになっている We are to meet at the station at ten (o'clock) in the morning.
🔺 (I'm) sorry to be late は可能だが⦅まれ! & 不自然!⦆
▸ (I'm) sorry for/about being late yesterday.
. . . we’re lateが続くときは, Sorry we're late. のようにsorryの前の主語と〖動詞〗は省略されるのが普通)
But . . .
▸ (I'm) sorry to bother [trouble] you, but I've got to talk to you.
ご面倒をおかけして申し訳ないのですが, お話があるのです (文脈から明らかな場合, butまで述べた時点で聞き手がそれ以降を察することも多い)
お待たせして申し訳ありません
▸ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. ⦅かたく⦆
▸ I'm sorry for having kept you waiting.⦅まれ⦆
3 比較なし 〖be ~〗 残念に思って(regretful); «…することを/…ということを» 残念に思う «to do/(that)節» (!⦅かたく⦆ ではI regret …)
▸ (I'm) sorry to hear that.
(悪い知らせなどを聞き)それは残念です
⦅主に米⦆ a movie, ⦅書⦆ a motion picture, ⦅主に英⦆ a film (!⦅米⦆ でも新聞などでは普通) ; ⦅集合的⦆ ⦅主に米⦆ the movies, ⦅主に英⦆ the cinema [╳cinemas], the pictures (!the cinema の古風な言い方) .
▸ ギャング[アクション; 恐怖; 戦争; 無声]映画 a gangster [an action; a horror; a war; a silent] movie.
▸ 記録映画 a documentary (film).▸ 2本立て映画 a double feature (program).
▸ モンロー主演の映画 a movie starring Monroe.
▸ テレビ用映画 a TV movie / a made-for-TV movie.
▸ 新着映画 a newly released movie [film].
▸ 「すばらしい映画でしたね」「ええ, そうでしたね」 “It was a great movie.” “Yes, I thought so too.”
▸ 私は映画が好きです I like [love] watching movies. / I like [am fond of] movies.
▸ この映画は最近封切られたThis movie was recently released. (⇨封切り)
▸ その映画おもしろかった? Did you enjoy the movie? 【どうだった?】How was the movie?
▸ テレビが発達して映画は衰退した Movies declined when television was developed.
▸ 映画で主役を演じる star in a movie.
▸ 彼はタクシーの運転手としてその映画に出ている He appears as [plays] a cabdriver in the movie. (!後の方が普通)
▸ 彼はその小説を映画に⦅映画化⦆した He made [turned] the novel into a movie [a film]. / He filmed the novel. (!映画化したものは a movie [a film] version of the novel という)
▸ 映画を見る see [watch] a movie [a film]. (!今映画を見ているときは watch を用いる)
▸ 映画を上映するshow [present] a movie.
▸ 映画を撮る[封切る] shoot [release] a movie [a film].
▸ 映画を製作する produce [make] a movie [a film].
▸ 彼の最新の映画を見ましたか Have you seen his latest movie?
▸ 今夜映画を見に行こう Let's go to the movies [a movie, ⦅英⦆ the cinema] tonight. (!(1) go to see [╳watch] a movie [a film] ともいえる. ╳go to see the movies [cinema] とはいわない. (2) go to the movie は「特定の映画を見に行く」の意)
映画音楽 movie [film] music.映画界 the movie [motion picture, film] world / the movies [films, ⦅英⦆ cinema].映画館 ⦅米⦆ a movie theater, a movie house ⦅英⦆ a cinema.映画鑑賞 【一般的な】movie viewing 【学科の】cinema appreciation, appreciation of the cinema.映画狂 a movie [a film] addict.映画祭 a movie [a film] festival.映画撮影所 a (movie) studio.映画産業 the movie [film] industry.映画女優 a movie [a film, a screen] actress.映画スター a movie [a film] star.映画製作 ⦅米⦆ moviemaking ⦅英⦆ filmmaking. (!製作者は a movie [film] maker. a producer は製作上の経済的責任を負う. 監督は a director) 映画俳優 a movie [a film, a screen] actor.映画評論家 a movie [a film] critic.映画ファン a movie fan ⦅主に米⦆ a moviegoer ⦅主に英⦆ a filmgoer, a cinemagoer.
Note: Here and there are adverbs (副詞) and cannot be a subject (主語) or object (目的語) of a sentence.
語法のポイント
ここはどこですか?
× Where is here?
○ Where am I [are we]?
自分の今いる場所を尋ねる慣用表現.
語法のポイント
ここは以前は池だった.
× Here used to be a pond.
○ There was [used to be] a pond here.
hereは 副詞なので主語にならない(↑ 語法 ). 「ここに池があった」と表現する.
語法 主語としてのhere
通例hereを主語として用いることはできない
▸ It's not a bad place here.
ここは悪い所じゃない(╳ Here is not a bad place.としない).
〖名詞を後ろから修飾して〗ここの, ここにいる[ある]
▸ The people here are very nice.
ここにいる人たちはとても親切だ
▸ This book here is really interesting.
〘話〙 ここにあるこの本は本当におもしろい (!(1)this ... hereは強意. (2)this here bookの語順は⦅非標準⦆) .
ここ
1 【場所】
here (↔ there) (!副詞で「ここに[へ, で]」の意 (⇨ ⇨①, ⇨ ⇨②) と, 名詞で「ここ」「この場所」の意 (⇨ ⇨③) とがある) ; 【この場所】this (!place) ; 〖これ〗this.
ここは[が]
here ; this place ; this.
▸ ここは大阪より暖かい
It's warmer here [in this place] than in Osaka. (⇨こちら ⇨①)
▸ ここ⦅この土地⦆はどうも私の性に合いません
I don't like it here. (!この it は「(ここの)雰囲気」といった漠然とした状況をさす)
▸ ここが私の家です
This [⦅話⦆ This here] is my house. 【ここが私の住んでいる所です】This is (the place) [Here's] where I live.
▸ よくここが分かったね
I wonder how you found this place.
会話
▸ 「ここはどこですか⦅私(たち)はどこにいますか⦆」「梅田です」
“Where are we [am I] now?” “We're [You're] in Umeda.” (!(1) ╳Where is here? とはいわない. Where is this (place)? は写真などを見ていて尋ねる言い方. (2) 1人であっても尋ねた相手を含めて we ということも多い)
❌ Tomorrow will be snow.
It’s going to snow tomorrow.
It might snow tomorrow.
It’s going to be snowy tomorrow.
It’s going to be rainy tomorrow.
It’s going to be cloudy tomorrow.
It’s going to be sunny tomorrow.
It’s going to be hot tomorrow.
It’s going to be really cold tomorrow.
△ Tomorrow will be snowy. (ちょっと不自然)
A student found these while in Korea and wanted to know what it meant.
The correct saying is “You REAP what you sow”, not “rean”.
▸ You reap what you sow. 〘ことわざ〙 まいた種は刈らねばならない
“Rean” has no meaning.
“My notebook computer was broken,” my student told me.
This is another problem rooted in direct translation. 壊れた is in past passive tense so Japanese assume that it must be the same in English, but it’s not.
“My laptop was broken” actually means the opposite. It was broken, but is okay now, that is no longer broken.
❌ Something was broken.
⭕️ Something is broken.
⭕️ Something broke.
⭕️ Something doesn’t work.
⭕️ Something is out of order.
こわれる 【壊れる】 〖破壊される〗【ばらばらになる】break*, be broken ; 【部分的に壊れる】be damaged ; 【完全に壊れる】be destroyed ; 【めちゃくちゃになる】be wrecked (⇨壊す); 【ぼろぼろに崩れる】collapse, fall* apart ; 【機械などの調子が狂う】get* out of order ; 【故障する】break (down). ▸ 壊れたおもちゃ a broken toy.▸ 壊れ(やすい)物 (⇨壊れ物)▸ 花びんが床に落ちて壊れた The vase fell on the floor and broke (into [to] pieces). (!into [to] pieces では「粉々に」の意が出る) / The vase fell on the floor and smashed to pieces. (!前の言い方より強意的) ▸ 衝突で電車がめちゃめちゃに壊れたIn the collision the train was badly damaged [wascompletely wrecked]. (!後の方はまったく修理不可能なことを含意) ▸ この電話[コンピューター]は壊れている This telephone [PC] is out of order [is broken, doesn't work].▸ この洗濯機はまた壊れたThis washing machine has broken down again.▸ 縁談がこわれた The match [Their engagement] was broken (off).▸ 最後のところで商談がこわれた The deal collapsed [fell through] at the last moment.
How so you say ー時間半 in English?
Most Japanese translate it literally (直訳) as one hour and a half.
This is wrong. Not only wrong, it sounds very unnatural.
So how can we fix this common mistake?
Very simply. Instead of saying “one” say “an”.
An hour.
⭕️ AN hour and a half.
When you say it quickly, it sounds like “annower anna half”.
It took AN hour and a half.
It took me AN hour and a half to come here.
The movie lasted AN hour and a half.
Again, one hour and a half is WRONG ❌
AN hour and a half is correct ⭕️
Now, there are other ways to say “an hour and a half”.
It takes about 90 minutes.
It takes about one and a half hours.
Note the “s” at the end of hours.
So, It takes about one hour and a half is WRONG ❌ But the others are correct ⭕️
It takes about an hour and a half.
It takes about 90 minutes.
It takes about one and a half hours.
The last one is important to remember as it can be used for other lengths of time. For example:
ONE and a half hourS
TWO and a half minuteS
THREE and a half dayS
FOUR and a half weekS
FIVE and a half monthS
SIX and a half yearS
Now that winter has settled in, colds will start going around (風邪がはやる) and students of English will once again be incorrectly using the phrase they memorized in junior high school “catch cold” (風邪を引く). Like some English verbs—such as get dressed/wear—catching a cold is not just one on/off action, but rather a progression of actions or process.
【普通の風邪】(a) cold ; 【インフルエンザ】influenza, ⦅話⦆ (the) flu. ~風邪▸ せきの出る[鼻]風邪 〘have〙 a cold in [on] the chest [in the head] / a chest [a head] cold.
▸ 夏風邪 a summer cold.
▸ ひどい[軽い; しつこい]風邪 a bad [a slight; a stubborn] cold. 風邪~
▸ 風邪気味である have a slight [a touch of a] cold. 風邪が[は]
▸ 風邪は万病のもと (⇨万病)
▸ 風邪が学校ではやっている【The】flu is [Colds are] going around in our school.
▸ 彼の風邪がうつった I got a cold [caught (a) cold] from him. / He gave me his cold [╳his cold to me].
▸ ちっとも風邪が治らない I just can't get over [(取り除く) get rid of, (振り払う) shake off] my cold.
▸ 風邪はだいぶよくなりました[ひどくなってきました] My cold is much better now [is getting worse].
▸ 患者は快方に向かっているようだったが, 突然風邪がぶりかえした The patient seemed to be recovering from his cold, but suddenly he suffered [had] a relapse. 風邪を[で]
▸ 風邪を引いている have a cold / be sick [⦅英⦆ ill] with a cold.
▸ 風邪を引きかけている be getting [coming down with] a cold.
▸ 風邪を引きやすい catch (a) cold easily / be subject [susceptible] to colds.
▸ 風邪を引いて熱がある have a fever with a cold.
▸ 風邪をこじらせる make one's cold worse.
▸ 風邪を引かないように気をつけなさい Take care [Be careful] not to catch (a) cold.
▸ ちょっと風邪を引いちゃった I've got a bit of a cold.
▸ 彼は今日は風邪を引いて寝ている He is in bed with a cold today.
▸ 風邪で胃(の調子)が変になっている My cold is affecting my stomach. 風邪薬 〘take〙 medicine for a cold / a cold medicine [(錠剤) pill].
A very common mistake Japanese make when speaking English is to say “relax time”.
This is wrong! So, let’s fix the Broken English!
You, too, Doraemon???
「外国人」は「foreign country person」だと思っている人が多くいますが . . . 間違ってます❗️
じゃあ、英語で外国人って何て言うの?
A very common mistake Japanese make when speaking English is to say, “foreign country person”.
This is wrong! So, let’s fix the Broken English!
Now, I think this problem comes from Japanese believing that “gaijin” is a rude way to refer to non-Japanese and they should say “gai-koku-jin”, instead. The problem arises when gai-koku-jin is directly translated, or 直訳, into “foreign country person”, which is not English.
So how should you speak about 外国人?
The word foreign is an adjective (形容詞) and means 外国の, 他国の, 外国からの, 外国産の, and 外国人の. The opposite word is domestic or home.
So, you can say a foreign language, 外国語; a foreign country, 外国; a foreign investor, 海外投資家, and so on.
To say, gaijin, or the more polite gaikokujin, you can say “foreigner”. The word does not in itself have a negative or bad nuance.
In some airports in the US, you might see the word alien, but in recent years I am seeing more and more airports and travel-related businesses using “visitors from abroad” or “foreign nationals” which has a softer, more welcoming sound to it.
Incidentally, I once read that the word 外国人was created by Fukuzawa Yukichi.
Oh, one more thing: foreigners who live in Japan often prefer to be indicated by their country, such as アメリカ人, フランス人, エジプト人 rather than 外国人. The English word foreign comes from the old French forein which was based on the Latin foris, meaning “outside” and fores, meaning “door”. So, foreigner could mean, “one who is outside” or “one who is outside the door”.
Okay?
Well, I hope that helps. Catch y’all next time!
A very common mistake Japanese make when speaking English is to say something like, “I went to there.” Or “I came tohere.”
This is wrong! So let’s fix the broken English!
Unlike Japanese where ここ, そこ, and あそこ are 代名詞, here, there, and over there are adverbs in English, or 副詞, so they do not need prepositions or 前置詞.
Keep in mind, “here” can mean ここに、ここで、and ここへ. So, if you say “I came to here”, it’s like saying in Japanese ここにに来ました. Similarly, if you say “I went to there”, it’s like saying そこへへ行きました.
Many Japanese confuse the phrase “leave for work” with “leave work”.
〈人・乗り物が〉出発する, 旅立つ; 〖leave for A〗 A〈場所〉に向かって去る, 出発する; 〖leave from A〗 A〈ホーム・ターミナル・ゲートなど〉から出発する (!leave Aと異なり, leave from Aは旅の出発点に焦点があり行き先を意識しない表現; よってleave Tokyo for Osakaとし, ╳leave from Tokyo for Osakaは避ける)
So, leave for work means 家を出て、仕事に行く. Leave work has the opposite meaning and means 職場から家に帰る
In the morning, we:
leave for work
go to work
are on our way to work
get to or arrive at work
and finally, we are at work
In the evening, we:
leave work
head home
are on our way home from work
get or arrive home
and finally, we are (at) home
Okay?
類義 leaveとdepart, start, set off [out]leave とdepartはある場所を離れることをいうが, departは〘かたく〙 で用いられ, 〘かたい文〙 では「死ぬ」の婉曲表現として「旅立つ」の意でも用いる. startは移動行為を開始することに焦点がある. set off, set outは共に出発することを意味するが, 長旅や困難な旅路への出発にはset outが好まれる傾向がある.
【帰る】WORD CHOICE : 帰る, 戻るgo back 話し手・聞き手のいない場所に戻ることを含意する.come back 話し手・聞き手のいずれかがいる場所に戻ることを含意する.get back 戻る行為, 特にたどり着いた瞬間を強調する.be back 戻るべき場所にすでにいることを含意する.return 主に書き言葉で用いる. back の意味が含まれているので, ╳return backとはいわない.〖もとの場所へ〗come* [go*, get*, be] back ; return (⇨[WORD CHOICE]); 【帰宅する】come [go, get, be, return] home ; 〖去る〗leave*, go away. (⇨行く)
▸ 走って家に帰る run back to the house.
▸ 家へ帰る途中 on one's [the] way home.
▸ 英国へ帰る go home to England. (!go back to に比べて自分の属している場所という意識が強い)
▸ 彼はまたすぐに日本に帰ってくるだろう He will return [come back] to Japan soon.
▸ 彼女は昨夜英国から帰って来たShe returned (╳back) home from England last night.
▸ 10時までに帰って来なさい Be [Come] (back) home by ten. (!back がある方が強意的 ) / Be [Come] backby ten.
▸ 彼は夜中の2時まで帰らなかったHe didn't get home [get in] until two o'clock in the morning. (!get in は「着く (arrive)」の意)
▸ 私はホテルへ帰る道が分からなくなった I couldn't find my way back to my hotel.
▸ 東京に住んでいる息子が夏休みで帰っています My son who lives in Tokyo is now home on a visit during [for] the summer vacation. (!(1) on a visit は「滞在中で」, forは「…を過ごすために」の意. (2) 「東京に住んでいる息子が…」は My son is now home from Tokyo on a visit …. ともいえる)
▸ そろそろ帰らなくてはなりません I think I must be going now. (!帰る際のあいさつ言葉. I will go now. (もう帰ります)などとはいわず, このように進行形を用いて表現を和らげる ) / I must say good-by now.
How do you say something was 楽しい?
In America, we would say something like:
It was fun.
It was really fun.
There are slang ways to say this, too:
It was a blast.
It was a kick in the pants.
Beer and skittles. (イギリスのスラング)
More formal ways would be:
It was a pleasure.
I had a wonderful time.
Other ways to say something was fun.
I had a good time.
I had a great time.
I had the time of my life.
For some reason, Japanese usually say:
I very enjoyed.
This is, of course, not correct.
Enjoy is not an adjective (形容詞). It is a verb (動詞). What’s more it is a transitive verb (他動詞) which means it needs an object (目的語).
Enjoy
a. …を楽しむ, …で楽しく過ごす (!(1)受け身は⦅まれ⦆ . (2)日本語の「楽しむ」よりも意味の幅が広く, 趣味(の道具)・仕事・時間・人生・人(との交際)・料理など幅広い目的語を取りうる)
▸ enjoy books [a new job, one's pipe] 読書[新しい仕事, パイプでの一服]を楽しむ
▸ How did you enjoy your vacation? 休暇はどうでしたか(≒How was your vacation?)
▸ really [thoroughly] enjoy Tom's companyトムと一緒にとても楽しく過ごす
▸ enjoy one's time in Paris パリで楽しく過ごす
▸ enjoy tennis more [╳better] than baseball野球よりテニスが好きだ
▸ Enjoy your meal! どうぞお召し上がりください (!ウェイターが料理を運んできた時などに言う)
▸ The concert was wonderful. I enjoyed every minute of it. コンサートはすばらしく, そのすべてを楽しむことができた.
Enjoy can also be a reflexive verb (再帰動詞、再帰代名詞を伴う動詞; enjoy oneselfのenjoyなど)
c. 〖~ oneself〗 【場所・パーティなどで】楽しむ, 楽しく過ごす, くつろぐ «at, in»
▸ Welcome, everyone. Enjoy (yourselves). ようこそ皆さん, 楽しんでください (!⦅米・くだけて⦆ ではoneselfが省略されることがある)
▸ Are you enjoying yourself? 楽しんでるかい, 調子はどうだい
▸ enjoy oneselfin the garden [bath] 庭で[風呂に入って]くつろぐ(╳enjoy in the garden [bath]としない).
In the photo above, it says エンジョイ!タイム. How would you translate that?
❌ enjoy time
⭕️ an enjoyable time
Or, a fun time, a great time, a wonderful time, etc.
How do you say 「家から近い」? Most of my Japanese students say “near from my house”, which is not correct.
❌ It is near from my house
What should you say, then?
⭕️ It is near my house
How about the word “far”?
⭕️ It is far from my house.
So, here “from” is okay.
near my house
nearby (my house)
near (to) my house
close to my house
not far from my house
Some more examples:
▸ 仕事場により近いところに引っ越す move nearer to one's office.
▸ 私たちの学校は駅に近い Our school is near [close to] the station. (! near は前置詞としても用いるので near to の形は避けられる)
▸ 病院はここから近い The hospital is near [╳near from] here. 【ほんの少し離れている】The hospital is just a little way (s) from here. (!⦅米⦆ ではしばしば ways を用いる ) 【遠くない】The hospital isn't far from here. (!far の場合は from が必要)
▸ 窓にいちばん近いところに来て座りなさい Come and sit nearest (to) the window. (!比較級・最上級の場合は to を伴うことが多い)
▸ バス停へはこの道を行くのがいちばん近い This is the nearest [shortest] way to the bus stop.
Japanese often make the mistake in thinking that katakana words are English, but just because a word is written in katakana doesn’t necessarily mean it was originally English. The word アイスバーン for example came from German. In German, it’s eisbahn. In English, however, we say “an icy slope” or “icy street”.
アスピリン(Aspirin
アドレナリン(Adrenalin )
アレルギー(Allergie )
オブラート(Oblate 、ラテン語oblatus に由来)
ガーゼ(Gaze )
カフェイン(Kaffein、Koffeinの古い形 )
カプセル(Kapsel 、ラテン語capsula に由来)
カルテ(Karte 、ラテン語charta に由来)
カードの意
ギプス(Gips )
ゲノム(Genom )
ケロイド(Keloid )
コラーゲン(Kollagen )
コンドーム(Kondom )
チアノーゼ(Zyanose )
ツベルクリン(Tuberkulin )
ノイローゼ(Neurose )
ビールス(Virus 、ラテン語virus に由来)
ヒステリー(Hysterie )
ベット(Bett )
ホルモン(Hormon )
レセプト(Rezept 、ラテン語re とラテン語capere から派生したceptus に由来、receipt と同源)
ワクチン(Vakzin )
アンチテーゼ(Antithese 、ギリシャ語anti とギリシャ語thesis )
イコン(Ikon 、ギリシャ語ikon )
イデオロギー(Ideologie 、ギリシャ語idea と、ギリシャ語logos から来たラテン語logia )
シュプレヒコール(Sprechchor )
ヒエラルキー(Hierarchie、ギリシャ語hierarchia )
プロレタリアート(Proletariat、ラテン語proles に由来)
ゲバルト(Gewalt )
ゲマインシャフト(Gemeinschaft )
ゲゼルシャフト(Gesellschaft )
ブント(Bund )
タクト(Takt )
バス(Bass )
フィルハーモニー(Philharmonie 、ギリシャ語philos とharmonia に由来 )
メトロノーム(Metronom )
アインザッツ(Einsatz )
ゲネプロ(Generalprobe 、ゲネラールプローベの略)
アーベントロート(Abendrot 、夕焼け、特に高山の岩・雪壁が赤く染まる現象)
アイゼン(Steigeisen 、氷上登攀のために靴に装着する金属の爪)
アプザイレン(Abseilen 、懸垂下降:ロープを使い岩壁を下降する技術)
アンザイレン(Anseilen 、安全確保のためにロープで互いの体を結びあう技術)
カラビナ(Karabiner 、素早くロープをかけるため一辺をバネによって開閉できるようにした環状の金具)
カール(Kar 、圏谷:氷河によって浸食された特徴的な地形の一つ)
コッヘル(Kocher 、登山用軽量小型簡易鍋)
ザイル(Seil 、ロープ)
シュラフ(Schlafsack 、寝袋)
シュルント(Schrunde 、氷河や雪渓上の深い亀裂)
ストック(Stock 、杖)
ツェルト(Zeltsack 、主に緊急避難時に使用される簡易テント)
ハーケン(Haken 、岩や氷壁に打ち込んで足がかりを作るための大釘)
ピッケル(Eispickel 、氷壁・雪面を削る、もしくはそこに打ち込んで支点を作るためのつるはしの形の道具)
ヒュッテ(Hütte 、山小屋)
モルゲンロート(Morgenrot 、朝焼け、特に高山の岩・雪壁が赤く染まる現象)
ヤッケ(Jacke 、登山用ジャケット)
リュックサック(Rucksack 、背嚢)
Many times I have asked students “How big is your home?” to which they reply, “No, no, no. My home is very small!”
Clearly they didn’t understand the question.
The same thing happens when I ask a simple question like “How tall is your husband?” The student will reply, “No, he’s very short!!!”
Yes, how + adjective can mean なんと・いかに . . . but it’s not that common, つまりその使い方はそんなに使われてない
Look at your dictionary and you will see that the first definition of “how” is どういう方法[手段]で, どのようにして, どんなふうに
▸ How did he get [find] the money?
彼はどのようにしてそのお金を手に入れた[見つけた]のか(!⦅話⦆ では時に強意的にHow on earth [⦅ぞんざいに⦆ the hell, ⦅まれ⦆ ever] did ...? (いったいどのようにして…したのか)のような形で用いる; → hell 1 語法 )
▸ “How did you go to school?” “I went by bike.” 「通学はどうしていたのですか」
「自転車で通っていました」
▸ “How does Ann drive?” “Very carefully.” 「アンの車の運転ぶりはどうですか」
「非常に慎重ですね」
The second definition of how is どのくらい, どれほど. And this is what is being asked by:
How . . . is it?
- big
- old
- tall
- long
- heavy
- far
For example:
▸ How old is your uncle? おじさんは何歳ですか
▸ How long will she be staying here? 彼女はいつまでここにいるのだろうか
▸ How far is it from Washington to New York? ワシントンからニューヨークまで(距離は)どれくらいありますか
▸ How soon does the movie begin? あとどのくらいで映画は始まるかな
▸ How many visitors are you expecting to come?お客さんは何人くらいの予定でしょうか
▸ How much money do you need? お金はいくら必要ですか
▸ I don't know how long the street is. その通りの長さはわかりません.
So, when you are asked:
How big is your apartment/home?
Don’t say:
✖️ No, it’s small!!!
Say:
⭕️ It’s a 3 LDK.
⭕️ It’s 80 square meters.
Or, when you are asked:
How tall is your husband?
Don’t say:
✖️ No, he’s very short!!!
⭕️ He’s about average height.
⭕️ He’s 170 cm tall.
⭕️ He’s quite short.
And, when you are asked:
How old is your baby?
Say:
He’s 6 months old.