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スピーク英会話サロン【福岡】

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Thanksgiving Day

December 2, 2020

Last Thursday, November 26th, was Thanksgiving in the United States. What is Thanksgiving?

感謝祭は、イギリスからマサチューセッツ州のプリマス植民地に移住したピルグリム・ファーザーズの最初の収穫を記念する行事であると一般的に信じられている。ピルグリムがプリマスに到着した1620年の冬は大変厳しく、大勢の死者を出したが、翌年、近隣に居住していたインディアンのワンパノアグ族からトウモロコシなどの新大陸での作物の栽培知識の教授を得て生き延びられた。1621年の秋は、特に収穫が多かったので、ピルグリムファーザーズはワンパノアグ族を招待して、神の恵みに感謝して共にご馳走をいただいたことが始まりであるとされる。イギリス人の入植者もワンパノアグ族も秋の収穫を祝う伝統を持っていて、この年のこの出来事は特に感謝祭と位置づけられてはいなかった。プリマス植民地で最初に祝われた1623年の感謝祭は食事会というよりもどちらかというと教会で礼拝を行って、神に感謝を捧げる宗教的な意味合いが強かった。

By happy coincidence, Japan, too, celebrates a Thanksgiving Day of sorts, 勤労感謝の日. Most Japanese have no idea what that day is. But I do. And now you will, too.

日本では古くから、天皇が新穀などの収穫物を神々に供えて感謝し、自らも食する「新嘗祭にいなめさい」という祭事が行われてきた(詳細は新嘗祭を参照)。 新嘗祭は1872年(明治5年)までは旧暦11月の二回目の卯の日に行われていた。しかし、改暦の年である1873年(明治6年)になって、旧暦11月の二回目の卯の日は新暦の翌年1月に当たり都合が悪いということで新暦で行うこととなり、同年11月の二回目の卯の日であった11月23日に行われた。また、同年公布の年中祭日祝日ノ休暇日ヲ定ム(明治6年太政官第344号布告)[注釈 3]によって、祭祀と同名の休暇日(休日)となった。本来、11月の二回目の卯の日は11月13日 - 11月24日の間で変動するが、翌1874年(明治7年)以降も祭祀・休日ともに11月23日に固定した。

Today, I would like to introduce you to, one, the Thanksgiving Story that most American children learn, and, two, the true story behind Thanksgiving which isn't nearly as pleasant.


In History, Holidays, Life in America Tags Thanksgiving, American Cooking, American History, 勤労感謝の日, 英会話, 英語教室
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